children depending on ethnical and geographical factors. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease during childhood and adolescence with a prevalence of 0.07 to 4. Therefore clinical assessment of TMJs does not allow to diagnose early arthritis accurately and will still depend on contrast enhanced MRI. ConclusionsĬlinical findings in affected TMJs are correlated with structural damage only. When joints with deformity were excluded, enhancement alone did not show a significant correlation with any clinical factor. MOC, asymmetry and restriction in condylar translation showed significant correlation to TMJ enhancement and deformity, whereas antegonial notching was correlated with TMJ deformity only. On MRI a total of 54/76 (71 %) patients and 92/152 (61 %) joints had signs of TMJ involvement. The maximal mouth opening capacity (MOC) of the JIA patients was compared to normative values obtained from a cohort of 20719 school children from Zürich, Switzerland. Joint effusion and/or increased contrast enhancement of synovium or bone as well as TMJ deformity were assessed on MRI and compared to clinical findings. Rheumatological and orthodontic examinations were performed blinded to MRI findings. Seventy-six consecutive JIA patients were included in this study. To test clinical findings associated with early temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in comparison to the current gold standard contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
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